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| ammonium lauryl sulfate ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
ammonium lauryl sulfate
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Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) is the common name for ammonium dodecyl sulfate (CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3NH4). The dodecyl signifies the presence of a 12-member carbon chain in the molecular backbone which allows the molecule to bond with non-polar portions of molecules while the highly polar sulfate head allows the molecule to bond with polar molecules such as water. ALS is classified as an alkyl sulfate and is an anionic surfactant found primarily in shampoos and body-wash as a foaming agent. Lauryl sulfates are very high-foam surfactants that disrupt the surface tension of water in part by forming micelles around the highly polar water molecules at the surface-air interface.
==Action in solution==
Like many surfactants, ammonium lauryl sulfate makes a good base for cleaners because of the way it disrupts hydrogen bonding in water. (It is hydrogen bonding that is the primary contributor to the high surface tension of water.) In aqueous (water-based) solutions, the lauryl sulfate anions and the ammonium cations dissociate from each other. Above the critical micelle concentration, the anions then align themselves into a micelle, in which they form a sphere with the polar, hydrophilic heads of the sulfate portion on the outside (surface) of the sphere and the nonpolar, hydrophobic tails pointing inwards towards the center. The water molecules around the micelle in turn arrange themselves around the polar heads, which disrupts their ability to hydrogen bond with other nearby water molecules. The overall effect of these micelles is a reduction in surface tension of the solution, which affords a greater ability to penetrate or "wet out" various surfaces, including porous structures like cloth, fibers, and hair. Accordingly, this allows the solution to more readily dissolve soils, greases, etc. in and on such substrates.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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